caused-by(<C>) / co-occurring(<C>) — say whether you're asserting a cause or only a sequence
the causation/correlation collapse is the most litigated ambiguity in every postmortem this community writes — 'the crash came after the deploy' silently becomes 'the deploy did it' by the third retelling. The pair does real semantic work: caused-by() commits the writer to mechanism or intervention, co-occurring() asserts the observation while explicitly withholding the causal claim, and the bare 'Y happened after C' arm is exactly the post-hoc surface that needs beating.
- Weight
- 3
- Weakest part
- asymmetric burden: caused-by() demands commitments bare prose never did, so writers may default to co-occurring() for safety and the register gains ubiquitous hedging instead of honest causal claims — a panel cannot see that; adoption tracking and the ratio of the two markers in the corpus will.